Excessive exposure to type B ultraviolet radiation induces the onset of acute skin inflammation which manifests itself with erythema and edema. Traditionally, topical corticosteroids have been used to manage these conditions, but their prolonged use can cause significant side effects. Recently, attention has turned to glycerophosphoinositol (GPI) salts, innovative compounds derived from sunflower lecithin. These salts offer a promising cosmetic alternative to corticosteroids, thanks to their ability to modulate the skin's inflammatory response without the side effects associated with corticosteroids.
What are glycerophosphoinositol salts
Glycerophosphoinositol (GPI) salts are semi-synthetic derivatives of a physiological component, glycerophosphoinositol, which belongs to the phospholipid family. These compounds are obtained from sunflower lecithin and are covered by an international patent. Their chemical structure allows them to negatively modulate the activation of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 enzyme (cPLA2), which plays a crucial role in the inflammatory cascade. cPLA2 is responsible for the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from the phospholipids of cell membranes. AA is the precursor of various inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. By inhibiting the activation of cPLA2, GPI salts reduce the synthesis of these inflammatory mediators, effectively modulating the inflammatory response without the side effects of traditional anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids. GPI salts have demonstrated a safe toxicological profile both in vitro and in vivo, without mutagenic, irritant, photoirritant or sensitizing activity. This makes them suitable for prolonged use even on sensitive skin and for the treatment of chronic conditions. Their safety is supported by numerous preclinical and clinical studies which have assessed the absence of negative side effects.
What are they for
GPI salts are mainly used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations thanks to their ability to modulate the inflammatory response. Several studies have shown that GPI salts can significantly reduce skin rashes induced by UVB rays. In some clinical tests, a GPI-based cream showed a soothing efficacy comparable to that of a medium-strength cortisone formulation, but with greater skin tolerability. This makes GPI salts particularly useful in sun products and post-sun exposure treatments. The inclusion of GPI salts in cosmetic formulations for sun protection and in post-sun exposure treatments is particularly promising. GPI's ability to reduce UVB-induced inflammation and erythema makes it an ideal ingredient for sunscreen products that not only protect the skin from the immediate damage of UV radiation, but also provide relief and repair to already damaged skin. This is especially useful for individuals with sensitive skin or those who are subject to frequent sun exposure. In addition to rashes, GPI salts show promise in treating other inflammatory skin conditions, such as dermatitis and psoriasis. GPI salts act upstream in the inflammatory cascade, inhibiting cPLA2 without the typical side effects of cortisone. One of the main advantages of GPI salts over corticosteroids is their highly hydrophilic chemical structure. This feature prevents GPIs from interacting with steroid receptors, thus avoiding the hormonal complications that often accompany prolonged use of steroids, such as thinning of the skin, suppression of the immune system and the rebound effect upon discontinuation of treatment. . Furthermore, corticosteroids, if used for long periods, can lead to systemic side effects, while GPIs, thanks to their physiological and non-steroidal action, are safe even for long-term treatments.
Conclusions
Glycerophosphoinositol salts represent a significant innovation in the field of dermatology and cosmetics. Their ability to modulate the inflammatory response and protect the skin from UV damage without the side effects of cortisone makes them a safe and effective alternative. Clinical and preclinical studies support their use in several topical formulations for the treatment of erythema, dermatitis and other inflammatory skin conditions, offering a promising long-term skin care solution.
In the future, further research may broaden the applications of GPI salts, exploring their potential in other inflammatory conditions and evaluating new formulations to improve penetration and efficacy. The high skin tolerability and the absence of side effects make GPI salts a promising choice for the treatment of chronic dermatological conditions, improving patients' quality of life and reducing dependence on cortisone.
